The objective of this article is to measure the extent of land conflicts and climate change on agricultural and yields in the most conflict-prone regions in Chad. By analyzing data from 2000 to 2017 thanks to OLS, we obtained the results that the interaction of land conflicts in agricultural activity is a barrier to productivity and the improvement of agricultural yields. This is due to the expected deaths and the fear of cultivating a large area in the situation of insecurity. Collaborative management of land conflicts and regimes between local and customary authorities is not a stimulus to improve yields. Therefore, the effect of climate change on yields and productivity are dwindle by government reforms and subventions in the agriculture’ sector. Hence, we recommend government to promote customary land tenure to reduce conflict and in other hand to trace transhumance corridors in order to support the state’s agricultural reform efforts