Employing different regression techniques and empirical strategies, we find oil palm production to be associated with household income, a finding which is consistent with per capita income distribution. Exploring heterogeneity in the relationship between oil palm production and income, we show that oil palm production has the potential to benefit non-producers should they produce oil palm. Moving beyond effects at the mean and in the interest of understanding who benefits more from oil palm production, we also show that oil palm production is associated with income gains for all producers.