We provide a brief overview of the reptiles found in cultivated fields in Gabon. More than half of the 122 reptile species recorded from the country can be found in open and degraded areas, and a third has been recorded from cultivated areas. Among the latter, Kinixys erosa (Testudinidae), a dozen lizards including all five Gabonese chameleons, and a dozen snakes, especially Hapsidophrys smaragdinus, Philothamnus carinatus, Thelotornis kirtlandii (Colubridae), Naja melanoleuca (Elapidae) and Bitis gabonica (Viperidae). The anthropophilic Hemidactylus mabouia (Gekkonidae) and Agama agama (Agamidae) benefit from the extension of the agriculture and associated roads and human infrastructures. No herpetological inventories have been specifically performed in cultivated lands in Gabon. Their reptile diversity depends on the proximity to forest and streams, the density and diversity of plants cultivated, and the availability of hiding places. Citation: PAUWELS, O.S.G. 2008. Agriculture itinérante et reptiles au Gabon. P. 23 in: VERMEULEN, C. & DOUCET, J.-L. (ed.). Les premières forêts communautaires du Gabon. Récits d’une expérience pilote. Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux, Gembloux: 104 pp.