Over the next 30 years, with a population expected to reach nearly 10 billion by 2050, agriculture will face several critical issues on local, national and global food value chain endangering food security and achievement of 2030 Agenda. Food security is closely linked to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as the elimination of poverty, health and well-being, clean water, the reduction of inequalities, responsible con￾sumption and production, action for climate change and conservation of marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Public Development Banks might contribute to move towards sustainable food and agricultural systems aiming to ensure global food security, providing economic and social opportunities, and protecting the ecosystem services. Different factors are in a relationship of reciprocal influence with agricultural productivity such as scarcity and competition of natural resources or climate change. Climate change will not only affect food production, but also the availability of food and the stability of supplies. At the same time, food systems contribute to one third of global greenhouse gas emission. Climate-resilient agriculture can guarantee food security and reduce emissions of global warming gases. However, a climate resilient agriculture requires a technological progress to enable production practices that are environmentally sustainable also adapting to changes in dietary patterns.